Personal Pronouns

The personal pronouns are:

ben	I	benn
biz	we	beez
sen	you	senn
siz	you	seez
o	he,she,it	oh
onlar	they	ohn-lahr

deli	crazy	day-ly	Şişman	fat	sheesh-mahn
Nazik	Nice, kind	nah-zeek	hayır	no	hah-yır
Fakir	poor	fah-keer	kolay	easy	coh-lie
Neşeli	merry	nah-shay-ly	kötü	bad,wicked	kö-tew
hasta	ill,sick	hass-tah	yaşlı	old,aged	yahsh-lı
Pek	very	payk	Yorgun	tired	yohr-goon
evet	yes	ay-vate	Yüksek	high	yew-sayk
Mutlu	happy	moot-loo	Zeki	clever	zay-ky
değil	is not	day-yeel	Zengin	rich	zenn-guin

Personal pronouns in Turkish can be grouped like this:

NOMINATIVE	ben	sen	o	biz	siz	onlar
ACCUSATIVE	beni	seni	onu	bizi	sizi	onları
GENETIVE	benim	senin	onun	bizim	sizin	onların
DATIVE	bana	sana	ona	bize	size	onlara
LOCATIVE	bende	sende	onda	bizde	sizde	onlarda
ABLATIVE	benden	senden	ondan	bizden	sizden	onlardan

Yorgunum.	I am tired.	Yohr-goon-oom.
Gençsiniz.	You are young.	Guench-seeneez.
Hastadır.	He ( she ) is ill.	Hass-tah-dır.

It is to be noted that for the present tense of the verb "to be", the Turkish language has the following suffixes (which of course obey the rule of euophony)

1st person singular	-im	1st person plural	-iz
2nd person singular	-sin	2nd person plural	-siniz
3rd person singular	-dir	3rd person plural	-dirler

When the adjective ends in a vowel, the suffixes of the 1st person singular and plural become respectively "-yim" and "-yiz".

You will notice that the personal pronoun can be omitted.

Mutluyum.	I am happy.	Güzelsiniz.	You are pretty.
İyisiniz.	You are good.	Zekidirler.	They are clever.
Kötüdür.	He (she) is wicked.	Pek şişmansınız.	You are very fat.
Kolaydır.	It is easy.	Pek naziksiniz.	You are very nice.
Neşeliyiz.	We are merry.	Paul pek hastadır.	Paul is very ill.

To obtain the negative form, the above-mentioned suffixes must be used with the adverb "değil" (is not), forming thus a locution which has not to obey the rule of euphony since it is never joined to another word.

Genç değilim.	I am not young.	Deli değildir.	We are not crazy.
Hasta değilsiniz.	You are not ill.	Zengin değildir.	We are not rich.
Kör değildir.	He ( she ) is not blind.	Pek nazik değilsiniz.	You are not very nice.
Yüksek değildir.	It is not high.	Pek zeki değildirler.	Pek zeki değildirler.

To obtain the interrogative tense, one has to put "mi" (or "mı, mü, mu" according to euphony) before the above-mentioned suffixes without joining to the adjective.

Zengin miyim?	Am I rich?	Hayır,arkadaşım yaşlı değildir.	No,my friend is not old.
Hasta mısınız?	Are you ill?	Evet,arkadaşım gençtir.	Yes, my friend is young.
Genç midir?	Is he (she) young?	Paul mutlu mudur?	Is Paul happy.
Kolay mıdır?	Is it easy?	Evet, Paul mutludur.	Yes,Paul is happy.
Zeki miyiz?	Are we clever?	Hayır,mutlu değildir.	No, he is not happy.
Deli misiniz?	Are you crazy?
Arkadaşınız yaşlı mıdır?	Is your friend old?

Exercise 5. - Put the following sentences into Turkish.

I am young.

I am not old.

You are clever. (2nd person singular)

You are not crazy. (2nd person singular)

He is good.

He is not wicked.

We are very rich.

We are not very poor.

Am I happy.

No, I am not happy.

Are you crazy? (2nd person plural)

No, I am not crazy.

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