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Ders 2 - Turkish for Foreigners

 

Variations of  “-dir” (the present form of verb, “be”)

When the last vowel of the word is “ö” or “ü”, “-dir” becomes “-dür”

 

 

Bu adam kördür.
This man is blind.
boo ah-dam kör-dewr.
Bu bir güldür.
This is a rose.
Boo beer guewl-dewr.
Bugün ne gündür?
What day is today?
Boo-guewn nay guewn-dewr?
Burası bir köydür.
This place is a village.
Boo-rahcı beer köy-dewr.

 

 

 

When the last vowel of the word is “o” or “u”, “-dir” becomes “-dur”

 

Bu oda bir salondur.
This room is a sitting-room.
boo oh-dah beer sah-lohn-dur.
Bu köprü uzundur.
This bridge is long.
Boo kö-pre oozoon-dur.
Bu ders zordur.
This lesson is difficult.
Boo ders zohr-dur.
Burada su boldur.
Water is abudant here.
Boo-rahdah soo bohl-dur.

 

 

 

We will thus have:

The last vowel of the word being:

 

 “e, i” (be) is translated as “-dir”,
“a, ı” (be) is translated as “-dır”,
“ö, ü” (be) is translated as “-dür”,
“o, u” (be) is translated as “-dur”.

 

 

Adam
Man, person
ah-dam
Köprü
bridge
kö-prew
Açık
open
ah-chık
Bu
This, these
boo
Burada
here
boo-rahdah
Kör
blind
kör
Köy
village
köy
Kutu
box
coo-too
Bol
abundant
bohl
Ne
what
na
Bugün
today
boo-guewn
Pis
dirty
peece
Boş
empty
bohsh
Salon
sitting-room
sah-lohn
Ders
lesson
ders
Sert
hard
sert
Demir
iron
day-mere
Siyah
black
see-yah
Genç
young
guench
Su
water
soo
Gül
rose
guewl
Uzun
long
oo-zoon
Gün
day
guewn
Kayıp
lost
cah-yıp
Burası
this place,here
boo-rahcı
Zayıf
weak; lean
zah-yıf
Zor
difficult
zohr

 

 

 

  Note. - Words ending in “ç, f, h, k, p, s, ş, t” alter the letter “d” of “-dir” with a “t” becaming thus: “-tir, -tır, -tür, -tur”.

 

 

 

 

Demir serttir.
Iron is hard.
Bu bahçe pistir.
This garden is dirty.
Bu kitap siyahtır.
This book is black.
Paul zayıftır.
Paul is lean.
Henry gençtir.
Henry is young.
Kalem kayıptır.
The pencil is lost.
Bu kutu boştur.
This box is empty.
Kapı açıktır.
The door is open.
Bu adam iyidir.
This man is good.
İyi bir adam.
A good man.
Bu dolap açıktır.
This cupboard is open.
Açık bir dolap.
An open cupboard.
Bu köpek pistir.
This dog is dirty.
Pis bir köpek.
A dirty dog.
Kitaplar kayıptır.
The books are lost.
Kayıp kitaplar.
The lost books.
Günler uzundur.
The days are long.
Uzun günler.
The long days.

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise 3
Put the following sentences into Turkish.
 
Henry is blind.
 
The window is open.
 
The house is empty.
 
The dog is meagre.
 
The cat is nice.
 
Paul is good.
 
The pencil is black.
 
The copy-book is white.
 
This water is dirty.
 
This door is closed.